本文借鉴参考：
http://www.cnblogs.com/gaojun/archive/2010/09/10/1823354.html
1.概念
模板的好处：实现代码的重用。
如何实现?：把类型定义为参数。
下面举例说明好处。若返回a，b之间较大的数，由于a，b类型不确定，故可能要定义多个函数。如：
//函数1.
int max(int x,int y);
{return(x>y)?x:y ;}
//函数2.
float max( float x,float y){
return (x>y)? x:y ;}
//函数3.
double max(double x,double y)
{return (c>y)? x:y ;}
如果主函数调用max(a,b).而a、b是char类型的，则程序会出错。因为定义的三个类型中没有char的比较。于是就能用模板来解决这个问题
2.函数的模板
函数模板形式
Template<class T或者typename T>
返回值类型 函数名 (形参表)
{ //函数定义}
以下程序
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
//声明一个函数模版,用来比较输入的两个相同数据类型的参数的大小，class也可以被typename代替，
//T可以被任何字母或者数字代替。
template <class T>
T min(T x,T y)
{ return(x<y)?x:y;}
void main( )
{
int n1=2,n2=10;
double d1=1.5,d2=5.6;
cout<< "较小整数:"<<min(n1,n2)<<endl;
cout<< "较小实数:"<<min(d1,d2)<<endl;
system("PAUSE");
}
这样就可以通过模板将函数定义一次。
3.类模板
定义一个类模板：
Template（class T或者typename T）
class 类名{
//类定义}；
看如下例子
// ClassTemplate.h
#ifndef ClassTemplate_HH
#define ClassTemplate_HH
template<typename T1,typename T2>
class myClass{
private:
T1 I;
T2 J;
public:
myClass(T1 a, T2 b);//Constructor
void show();
};
//这是构造函数
//注意这些格式
template <typename T1,typename T2>
myClass<T1,T2>::myClass(T1 a,T2 b):I(a),J(b){}
//这是void show();
template <typename T1,typename T2>
void myClass<T1,T2>::show()
{
cout<<"I="<<I<<", J="<<J<<endl;
}
#endif
// Test.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "ClassTemplate.h"
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
void main()
{
myClass<int,int> class1(3,5);
class1.show();
myClass<int,char> class2(3,'a');
class2.show();
myClass<double,int> class3(2.9,10);
class3.show();
system("PAUSE");
}
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