本文参考一下的博客:
http://blog.csdn.net/yxysdcl/article/details/5567460
迭代器实现了容器中对象的访问方法。迭代器就如同一个指针,其实指针也就是特殊的迭代器。下面看两个小例子帮助理解:
1.简单变量类型迭代器
一下是vector类型的简单实现
template <class T> class vector { private: T* pbegin; int n; //当前大小 public: vector() { pbegin = new T[100]; //暂时先固定大小 n = 0; } T* begin() { return pbegin; } void insert(T d){ pbegin[n++] = d; } typedef T* iterator; //vector的迭代器就是基础指针类型 };
vector是数组的实现,故由首地址可以知道后面元素的位置,故访问vector迭代器,其实就是基础指针,可以通过++,--操作
下面为测试操作
//测试vector vector<int> a; a.insert(1); a.insert(2); vector<int>::iterator itra; itra = a.begin(); printf("%d/n", *itra); itra++; printf("%d/n", *itra); itra--; //基础指针类型都支持++,--,+,-等操作符 printf("%d/n", *itra);
2.链表类型的迭代器。
链表每个元素在不同位置,那怎么设计迭代器,使得它也可以通过++/--等操作实现定位呢?一下为例子
template <class T> class List{ private: struct Node{ //链表的节点 T data; Node* next; }; Node* pbegin; //表头 class List_iterator{ //链表的迭代器 Node* cur; //当前指向 public: void operator = (Node* ptr) { cur = ptr; } void operator ++ () { cur = cur->next; } // ...还可以重载-- + -等操作符 T operator * (){ return cur->data; } }; public : List() { pbegin=NULL; } Node* begin() { return pbegin; } void insert(T d) { Node* p=pbegin; while(p && p->next) p=p->next; Node* t = new Node; t->data = d; t->next = NULL; if(pbegin==NULL) pbegin = t; else p->next = t; } typedef List_iterator iterator; //List的迭代器是一个类 };
如上面代码,即对++操作进行了重载。测试代码如下
/测试List List<int> b; b.insert(1); b.insert(2); List<int>::iterator itrb; itrb = b.begin(); printf("%d/n", *itrb); itrb++; // 该迭代器只支持++ printf("%d/n", *itrb);
由此我们可以看出迭代器的目的,即通过迭代器,更方便的便利访问容器里的元素。这样在STL设计算法时,可以脱离容器设计更加通用的算法。如,容器中查找一个元素一般是遍历整个集合,如果没有迭代器,需要为vector和list设计两个查找算法。
总结;
模板:将算法和特定的数据类型分离
迭代器:将算法和特定的容器分离
2021年9月06日 19:45
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