在上一篇博客介绍address_space中，我们有提到，内存中一个page所包含的磁盘块在物理上不一定是相邻的。那么page中不同的磁盘块怎么管理呢？这里就涉及到了buffer_head结构。
把块存放在页高速缓存中就会涉及到块缓存区和缓冲区首部。
每个buffer_head管理的单元是内存页中对应的一个物理块，也就是说buffer_head管理单元是 “页”的一个子集。
下面以页的大小为4k，block大小为1k来描述这个问题。在这种情况下，一个页中就会有四个缓冲区对应着四个buffer_head结构管理。页描述符page 中private指针指向其中一个缓冲区首部，缓冲区首部内部通过链表结构（b_this_page）链接该页对应的四个缓冲区。缓冲区首部(buffer_head)的b_page指针指向对应的page结构，b_data指向数据在对应的页中的位置。
如下图：
下面部分结合代码内容分析如何将buffer_head所管理的缓冲区转化成下发到磁盘的io请求。
首先submit_bh()函数，其作用：根据缓冲区首部的内容创建一个bio，在该函数中通过buffer_head传进来的信息对bio的信息赋值。如下
bio->bi_sector = bh->b_blocknr * (bh->b_size >> 9); //扇区号 bio->bi_bdev = bh->b_bdev; //设备，如分区 bio->bi_io_vec[0].bv_page = bh->b_page; //对应页 bio->bi_io_vec[0].bv_len = bh->b_size; //块大小 bio->bi_io_vec[0].bv_offset = bh_offset(bh); //buffer_head指向的缓存区相对于其所在页的偏移
然后submit_hb（）调用submit_bio(),把rw数据传输方向赋值。
在submit_bio()中调用generic_make_request()函数。通过generic_make_request()函数把bio递交到通用块层。有关generic_make_request的函数解析，参照：
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-9988622-id-1995526.html
http://www.powerlinuxchina.net/club/viewthread.php?action=printable&tid=1239
generic_make_request()函数式递交一个bio的开始。每个进程的task_struct中，都包含两个变量： struct bio *bio_list,**bio_tail,该函数就是通过维护这两个变量来维护待添加的bio链表。generic_make_request函数调用__generic_make_request函数完成。而在__generic_make_request会调用make_request_fn，make_request_fn可能自行实现时递归调用generic_make_request,有了栈的深度有限，英雌通过genenric的设计，是的递归调用深度不超过1，具体是：一旦开始把当前的bio链表下发，则新到的bio不能加入正在下发的链表中。
generic_make_request函数调用__generic_make_request.
__generic_make_request做的事情很简单，先通过blk_partition_remap检查设备是否为磁盘分区，然后把相对于分区的起始扇区号转化为相对于整个磁盘的扇区号，然后调用q->make_request_fn()到达IO调度层，而make_request_fn主要是通过__make_request()函数实现的
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